Definition | Causes | Risk Factors | Symptoms | Diagnosis | Treatment | Prevention

Definition

Labyrinthitis is swelling and irritation in the inner ear. It occurs in the labyrinth of the ear. This is a system of cavities and canals. They affects hearing, balance, and eye movement.

Labyrinthitis

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Causes

Labyrinthitis may be caused by:

Risk Factors

Factors that increase your risk for labyrinthitis include:

  • Current or recent viral infection (especially a respiratory infection)
  • Allergies
  • Smoking
  • Drinking too much alcohol
  • Stress

Symptoms

The symptoms can range from mild to severe and last for days or many weeks. Symptoms are usually temporary, but rarely, can become permanent.

The most common symptoms are:

  • Vertigo (spinning sensation)
  • Dizziness

Other symptoms may include:

  • Fatigue
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Hearing loss
  • Involuntary eye movement
  • Ringing in the ear (tinnitus)

Diagnosis

The doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. Initial diagnosis is based on the symptoms and the results of your exam.

Tests may include:

Treatment

Treatment may include:

Medication to control the symptoms, including:

  • Antiemetics—to control nausea and vomiting
  • Vestibular suppressants—to limit loss of balance and dizziness
  • Steroids—in limited situations, to help control inflammation

Anti-viral medication may be given if a virus is involved. Antibiotics may be given if a bacterial infection in involved.

Note: Without antibiotic treatment, labyrinthitis caused by a bacterial infection can lead to permanent hearing loss or balance problems.

Some steps to help you manage your symptoms include:

  • Rest, lie still with your eyes closed in a darkened room during acute attacks.
  • Avoid movement, especially sudden movement, as much as possible.
  • Avoid reading.
  • Resume normal activities gradually after the symptoms have cleared.

Your doctor may suggest specific vestibular exercises. These exercises use a series of eye, head, and body movements to get the body used to moving without dizziness. You may work with a physical therapist to learn these.

In some cases, nausea and vomiting cannot be controlled. This can result in severe dehydration. You may need hospitalization to receive fluids and nutrients through an IV.

Rarely, labyrinthitis may be due to a break in the membranes between the middle and inner ear. Surgery to repair the break may be required. If a tumor is causing the condition, surgery may also be needed.

Prevention

To reduce your risk of getting labyrinthitis: