Definition | Causes | Risk Factors | Symptoms | Diagnosis | Treatment | Prevention

Definition

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) occurs just prior to menstruation and is characterized by significant:

  • Depression
  • Irritability
  • Tension

PMDD is much more severe and less common than PMS.

Causes

The exact cause is not known.

Risk Factors

Factors that may increase the risk of PMDD include:

Microscopic View of Hormone Receptor

molecule and receptor
Menstruation causes many hormonal changes, which may play a role in PMDD.
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Symptoms

Symptoms include:

Symptoms typically begin 10-14 days prior to the start of menstruation.

Diagnosis

Your doctor will diagnose PMDD based on your symptoms. You may be asked to keep a record of when your symptoms occur and how severe they are.

Your doctor may also order:

  • Blood tests
  • Tests to check hormone levels

Treatment

Talk with your doctor about the best treatment plan for you. Treatment options include:

These steps can help manage symptoms of PMDD:

  • Exercise throughout the week.
  • Get plenty of rest.
  • Eat a balanced diet with plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
  • Avoid alcohol, tobacco, and caffeine.
  • Learn stress management techniques.
  • Improve your sleep habits.

Your doctor may recommend:

  • Antidepressants (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [SSRIs])
  • Oral contraceptives
  • Nutritional supplements

Prevention

To reduce your chance of PMDD, take these steps:

  • Get plenty of exercise and rest.
  • Eat a well-balanced diet.
  • Manage stress.