Definition

Certain long term medical conditions, such as cancer and infectious and inflammatory diseases can cause anemia. Anemia is a low level of healthy red blood cells (RBC). RBCs carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. When red blood cells are low the body does not get enough oxygen. This can cause symptoms such as fatigue, pale skin, or irregular heartbeat.

Hemoglobin

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Causes

Certain illnesses will prompt your body to limit how much iron is freely available. This will prevent the infection or cancer from using the iron to grow. Unfortunately, iron is also needed to make healthy RBCs. Over time this will lead to fewer new red blood cells.

Long term illnesses that can lead to anemia, include

Risk Factors

Anyone of any age with a chronic inflammatory or infectious disease may be at risk for ACD, but the elderly are among those at highest risk.

Symptoms

ACD usually develops slowly, producing few or no symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they are usually mild. Symptoms include:

• Pale complexion, dizziness, fatigue, and rapid heartbeat
• Infection, fever (even mild)

Diagnosis

Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history, particularly any history of chronic inflammatory or infectious disease or cancer, and perform a physical exam. Blood tests may include:

• Red blood cell count
• Hemoglobin level
• Serum iron level
• Serum ferritin level
• Serum transferrin receptor level
• Transferrin iron binding capacity
• Total iron binding capacity (TIBC)

Treatment

With ACD, if the underlying disease causing it is found and treated, the anemia may improve or clear on its own. Iron supplements and vitamins are generally not effective.

Prevention

If you have a chronic medical condition, continue prescribed treatment and maintain regular visits with your doctor.